Which demyelinating disease of the central nervous system commonly presents with optic neuritis and a relapsing-remitting course?

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This question tests recognizing a central nervous system demyelinating disease that often shows optic neuritis with a relapsing-remitting pattern. Multiple sclerosis fits here because immune-mediated demyelination in the brain and spinal cord frequently affects the optic nerve, causing optic neuritis, and the disease course is typically relapsing-remitting, with episodes of neurologic symptoms separated by periods of partial or full recovery. The other conditions involve different systems or disease processes: Guillain-Barré syndrome is peripheral nerve demyelination and acute in onset; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease are neurodegenerative diseases with different typical presentations and do not characteristically present with optic neuritis or a relapsing-remitting demyelinating course.